Sunday 25 June 2017

Ukiyo-e "Pictures of the Floating World"- Samurai

Ukiyo-e is a genre of Japanese art which flourished from the 17th through 19th centuries. Its artists produced woodblock prints and paintings of such subjects as female beauties; kabuki actors and sumo wrestlers; scenes from history and folk tales; travel scenes and landscapes; flora and fauna; and erotica. The term ukiyo-e (浮世絵 IPA: [u.ki.jo.e]) translates as "picture[s] of the floating world".

The Floating World culture developed in Yoshiwara, the licensed red-light district of Edo (modern Tokyo), which was the site of many brothels, chashitsu, and kabuki theaters frequented by Japan's growing middle class. ... The ukiyo culture also arose in other cities such as Osaka and Kyoto.

Ukiyo-e  has 6 sub genres, shunga is the primary genre of this site however lets not forget this fantastic genre of  "Samurai".

Miyagawa Isshō (宮川 一笑, 1689 – 20 January 1780)

Issho was a Japanese painter in the ukiyo-e style, primarily depicting kabuki actors, geisha, sumo wrestlers, and other elements of everyday urban culture.

A section of a shunga handscroll depicting a samurai and his young male lover.
 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukiyo-e

Sunday 18 June 2017

Kawanabe Kyōsai (河鍋 暁斎) - (Artist Intro)


ARTIST: Kawanabe Kyōsai (河鍋 暁斎)
BORN: 18 May 1831, Koga, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
DIED: 26 April 1889, Tokyo, Japan
WORKS: Demon of painting, Yokai Wars: Demonic Manga by Kyosai, Night Parade of Hell Creatures 

Kawanabe Memorial Museum
Biography and Signatures 

The artist Kyosai was a Japanese artist, in the words of a critic, "an individualist and an independent, perhaps the last virtuoso in traditional Japanese painting".
Living through the Edo period to the Meiji period, Kyōsai witnessed Japan transform itself from a feudal country into a modern state. Born at Koga, he was the son of a samurai. His first aesthetic shock was at the age of nine when he picked up a human head apart from a corpse in the Kanda river. After working for a short time as a boy with Utagawa Kuniyoshi, he received his artistic training in the Kanō school, but soon abandoned the formal traditions for the greater freedom of the popular school. (Wikipedia)

When Kyosai was a child and training as an artist at the Surugadai branch of the Kano School of painting, his teacher nicknamed him “demon painter,” because of his impressive talent. Even before that, however, Kyosai had trained under the ukiyo-e artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi. Once established as an independent artist, Kyosai pursued various artistic styles and techniques throughout his life.

Art Names ()1
Kyōsai (Gyōsai) 暁斎 or 暁斎 or 狂齋 2
Tōiku (Tōyū) 洞郁
Baiga 売画
Baiga Dōjin 売画道人
Baiga Kyōsha 売画狂者 (狂者 insane person)
Chikamaro 周麿 (used until middle of 1863)
Gaki 画鬼
Hata Kyōsha 畑狂者 (狂者 insane person)
Kyōsha Gaishi 狂者外史
Nyokū (Jokū) Nyūdō 如空入堂 (entering the way)
Raisui 雷酔 ("thunder drunk"
Shōshōan (Seiseian) 猩々 (惺々庵)
Shōshō (Shōjō) Kyōsai 猩々狂 (猩々heavy drinker)
Shōshōsai (Seiseisai) 猩々
Shuransai 酒乱斎 (酒乱 drunken frenzy)
Suiraibō 酔雷坊

Signatures and Seals

  Kyōsai

Seal with head of carp and sunken Kyōsai

Shoki riding a tiger and attacking a group of demons. “May” from a series of Twelve Months. Published by Fukuda Kumajuro

Examples of other works by Kyosai can be seen here
The Lavenberg Collection of kawanabe prints can be seen here

Wednesday 14 June 2017

Chokyosai Eiri (鳥橋斎 栄里) - (Artist Intro)

ARTIST: Chōkōsai Eishō. He also used the name Shōeidō (昌栄堂).
FAMILY NAME: Chōkōsai.
BORN:
DIED:
WORKS: Ehon Fumi no kiyogaki 婦美の清書き (Neat Version of a Love Letter (or Pure Drawings of Female Beauty))
NOTES: Eiri, a little known artist was a pupil of Eishi Chobunsai. His works are mainly bust portrait of Women of Beauty (Bijinga). Eiri was influenced by Kitagawa Utamaro and could also be known as Shikyusai Eiri or Rekisentei Eiri (Japan Encyclopedia).

All we can say is what we learn from his extant prints and paintings: that he flourished during the second half of the Kansei Period (1789-1801); and that he was a direct pupil of the great Eishi - who, being of eminent samurai stock, may well have attracted pupils of similar background. Eishō produced illustrations for a few books in c. 1798–1801, some of which were shunga erotica.

Wikipedia page

Examples of Eiri's Bijinga


Other works;

A dark gray mica ground bust portrait of the poet Santo Kyoden. ca. 1795


Fumi no kiyogaki Bath Scene


Sunday 11 June 2017

Suzuki Harunobu - Fûryû Enshoku Mane'emon

Suzuki Harunobu Collection

Furyu enshoku Mane'emon 風流艶色真似ゑもん

Elegant Amorous Mane'emon:  A tiny man that spent his time spying on couples making love.


FORMAT
: 12 woodblock prints approx 20Hx28Wcm
PUBLISHED BY:
Nishimuraya Yohachi (西村屋与八) ca1770 Meiwa Period (1764 through November 1772)
NOTES: These pictures demonstrate the entertaining aspect of shunga from the perspective of the voyeur, the humour evident in both the image and the text.

The name Mane'emon in the title is suggesting the size of a bean.

Ukiyonosuke encounters two beautiful women on his pilgrimage to the Ryushinzan Shrine to pray to the Goddess of Love. The two women, famous beauties of their time, Osen of the Kagaya teahouse who is representing the Ryushin shrine, and Ofuji of the Yanagi-ya who represents the Kinryuzan shrine offer him the magic shrinking potion to fulfil his desires which he drinks and is then transformed to the size of a bean, hence the name, Mane'emon.

Mane'emon sets off on his travels and watches many people engaging in sexual acts. His first encounter is with a Calligraphy teacher who is pursuading one of his young pupils, the title of this print being Shinkai-Shima (Forced Love). You can see  Mane'emon hiding beneath the table however he is not happy about the situation and points ut the teachers large nose. Making faces ugly, noses large etc. was typical of artists when they were portraying someone who wasn't very pleasant. We can also see two cats mimicking the people outside the window.


The next image is entitled Ichatsuki-Shima (Busy Love), you can see a woman busy applying moxa (burning herb) to an elderly lady while simultaneously contortioning her body for her partner. Mane'emon is also applying moxa in the foreground.
 

Yarikuri-Shima (Love Revealed), the husband is caught by his pregnant wife, she pulls him off her niece by his fundoshi. You can see Mane'emon cowering under a blanket to hide from the fury of a pregnant wife. Mane'emon explains that in spite of the uproar the niece does remain at the house to assist with the childbirth.

Shunga can depict many different sexual acts with or without partners, same sex and in this next image Fukiyagahama, Sakai-Shima (Playing with a Dandy) Mane'emon has used a kite to fly up to the second floor of a teahouse. This teahouse speciality is boys and the kagema (male prostitute) is lying backwards on top of his partner. The chrysanthemum motif on the futon is a frequent symbol in shunga for homosexual love as the blossoms are thought to resemble the male aperture.

Ukkari Shinden (Peasant Love), a Samurai wearing a mask takes a young girl, working in the rice field by surprise. Her parents are also working the field but they believe the masked creature is from Inari, the god of rice so immediately start to pray and worship the god.
 
The man in the mask: I am god from near the shrine.If you give me your daughter I’ll give you good harvest this year.
Her father: Thank you very much god!! Would you like my wife as well?

While this is going on Mane'emon enjoys a tobacco pipe under the tree.

Kibakarimura (Pleasures of the Aged). Mane'emon appear from behind a net curtain where he has been watching a young couple, on this side of the curtain a older couple inspired by what they can hear coming from the other side begin kissing, the man even with an enlarged scrotum is still enjoying his wife.
"At the top of the seventh print in Harunobu’s series, Hyakki introduces the scene as follows: "From the gullible village of Shinden (or, new field), he made his way to the Village of Pure Passion where he stayed the night. Here he encountered the pleasures of old age, and portrays the feelings of the elderly." (まねへもん七 うつかり新田より気ばかりむらに一宿して 老のたのしみを見てとしよりのじやうをおもひ出す; Mane'emon nana. Ukkari sainden yori ki bakari mura ni isshuku shite, oi no tanoshimi wo mite toshiyori no jiyau wo omoidasu).

Given the mosquito net and the plough tucked away under the porch, this print appears to illustrate a room in a farmhouse on a summer night. In the field, the corn has ripened. An elderly couple has finished eating dinner and is enjoying a last cup of tea before bedtime. In the adjoining room, behind the mosquito net, the old couple's son and his wife have already begun their love play. However, the main characters in this scene are not the young couple, but actually their aged parents: Apparently the old man has been overhearing the sound of love making emerging from the next room. “Hey Grandma, give me a kiss.  Oh, just listen to those sounds!” Suddenly feeling his young, vigorous self, he draws her near, pressing a kiss upon her. “What are you thinking of?!” she retorts, “that's enough!" (
此人とした事がいやはや」「ばゞ口なりとすはせやれ あれ/\あのおとをきゝやれ」; Kono hito to shita koto ga iyahaya. Baba kuchi narito suhase yare. Nevertheless, turning her head toward him, she allows his lips to meet hers. Thus the scene seems to offer a depiction of mature love which is quiet and calm and tender. "
Dr. Ilana Singer Blaine
 

Mane'emon goes to the Ikaho Onsen (Hot Springs at Ikaho) and he can be seen drying his head as he gets out of the bath meanwhile upstairs a young couple are entwined, next door a blind man is playing the shamisen.

After leaving Ikaho to Edo Mane'emon rests under a tree. A couple pass by and the travelling beauty has been put in the mood by the gait of the trotting horse so she seduces the horse driver;  the enthusiastic attendant waives his fee and offers to take her two stops further to the Kumagaya embankment on the Arakawa River.

Mane'emon is coming to the end of his journey but this image is extremely sad as it seems to be a young couple on their last encounter just before they take their lives with the short sword. Shinju No Genba (The Place of the Heart)

Yuriko Kitsugenkaku (Licensed Quarter of Yoshiwara) In the Kitsugen quarters of the Yurikoku (the land of pleasure), the famous onnagata (female role) actor Segawa Kikunojo II (1741-1773) sits on a veranda while reaching through the folds of a young shinzo (apprentice courtesan) under the displeased gaze of her mentor at the left; Mane'emon watches the encounter and breaks wind to add to the scent of the cherry blossoms.

Wednesday 7 June 2017

Utagawa Kunisada I (歌川 国貞;1786 – 12 January 1865) - Artist Intro

ARTIST: Utagawa Kunisada (歌川 国貞; also known as Utagawa Toyokuni III (三代歌川豊国)
NAME: Kunisada was born as Tsunoda Shōgorō IX (角田庄五朗), called Tsunoda Shōzō (角田庄蔵)
BORN: 1786
PLACE: Honjo district of Edo
DIED: January 1865
SCHOOL: He entered the school of Utagawa Toyokuni I (1769-1825), the leading actor-print designer of his time, around 1800 as apprentice at the age of fourteen. His first printed works began to appear in early 1807 and he was awarded the last character of his master´s name to form his own. So he choose the name Kunisada 

A comprehensive resource on Kunisada's Signatures and Seals



Kunisada was the most popular, prolific and financially successful designer of ukiyo-e woodblock prints in 19th-century Japan. In his own time, his reputation far exceeded that of his contemporaries, Hokusai, Hiroshige and Kuniyoshi.

The memorial portrait above was designed by his principal student, Kunisada II, and is one of the few known images of Kunisada.

The majority of Kunisada's work was of actors portrayed in current popular plays; most of the rest was of women in the latest fashion. He was no less productive in the area of ehon than he was in full-sized prints, and notable among his book prints are shunga pictures (for example Zodiac Series Sho Utsushi Aioi Genji), which appeared in numerous books. Due to censorship, they are signed only on the title page with his alias "Matahei".
An excellent Kunisada resource can be found here.

Examples of the artists work;
Title:
Mijimai Geisha
Series Title:
Comparison of Beauties

Title: Ryogoku no bansho - Evening glow at Ryogoku bridge
Series Title: "Three of the `Eight Views´" (in Edo)


Sumo Wrestlers from right: Ōnomatsu, and Kuroiwa
 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunisada